Introduction Recently, many forms of violence and conflict are escalating due to multiple, often interrelated causes, such as poverty, insufficient development, inequitable resource distribution, competing political ideologies, and religious tensions. These issues have led to complex and prolonged violence. The importance of peace education in reducing conflict has been widely acknowledged,1 and universities can play […]
Introduction Globally, conflicts are intrinsic to protected areas (PAs), given the multiple actors, varying interests, and institutional structures connected with PA management. Some experts argue that participatory approaches to natural resources management—especially when women’s views are incorporated—reduce conflicts, promote equity, and build local capacities.[1] Despite this argument, many policies and practices concerning natural resource conflict […]
In Zimbabwe, election disputes continue unabated. As in previous elections, critics dispute the elections held on August 23, 2023, highlighting serious electoral fraud and intimidation of rural voters, opposition political parties, local election monitors, and observers. These disputes cast aspersions on the credibility of the election outcome. They also raise questions about the legitimacy of […]
Many observers described Zimbabwe’s 2023 harmonized elections to elect the president, the legislators, and local authority representatives as flawed, and the main opposition Citizens Coalition for Change (CCC) led by Advocate Nelson Chamisa disputed the election outcome. The Southern African Development Community Election Observer Mission (SEOM) concluded in its report that some aspects of the […]
On August 23, 2023, the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU PF) and the Citizens Coalition for Change (CCC) faced off in a highly tense electoral contest. Most regional and international electoral observers, such as the Southern African Development Community (SADC) electoral observation mission[i] and the European Union electoral observation mission, described the […]
The Southern African Development Community (SADC) has long played a pivotal role in observing elections in Zimbabwe and other SADC member states. However, a notable departure from past practice occurred during Zimbabwe’s most recent elections, in August 2023, when the SADC observer mission issued an unprecedented preliminary report that was both negative and critical in […]
